Summary:
Exodus 20 recounts God delivering the Ten Commandments to the Israelites at Mount Sinai through Moses.
God begins by reminding them of His deliverance from Egypt, then lists the commandments: no other gods, no idols, no misusing God’s name, remember the Sabbath, honor parents, no murder, no adultery, no stealing, no false testimony, and no coveting.
The people, terrified by God’s presence in thunder and smoke, ask Moses to mediate, and God instructs on building simple altars for sacrifices.
Pointing to Jesus:
The fourth commandment on the Sabbath (Exodus 20:8-11) points redemptively to Jesus as the ultimate source of rest.
As John Calvin emphasized, the commandment calls believers to find their spiritual rest in Christ not just on one day, but every day of the week, fulfilling the shadow of the Old Testament Sabbath in the substance of gospel grace.
Reflection:
Exodus 20 reveals God’s holy standards, which expose human sinfulness and our inability to obey perfectly, driving us to rely on Christ’s perfect obedience and atoning sacrifice.
In daily Christian living, the commandments guide us toward loving God and neighbor, not as a means to earn salvation, but as a grateful response to grace, fostering holiness, community, and worship in the freedom of the new covenant.
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